Ekonomi Pertanian Orang Melayu Di Terengganu, 1956-1990: Dasar, Pelaksanaan, Dan Kesan

Rancangan Malaysia Lima Tahun dari Rancangan Malaya Pertama hingga Rancangan Malaysia Kelima (1956-1990), merupakan pemangkin utama dalam meningkatkan taraf hidup dan membasmi kemiskinan dalam kalangan orang Melayu di Terengganu. Sehubungan dengan itu, penyelidikan ini mengkaji dan meneliti dasar, pelaksanaan, serta kesan ekonomi pertanian ke atas orang Melayu di Terengganu semasa penjajahan British dan pendudukan Jepun di negeri Terengganu sebelum tahun 1956. Selain itu, penyelidikan ini juga menganalisis pelaksanaan dasar-dasar tersebut dalam tempoh Rancangan Malaya Pertama hingga Rancangan Malaysia Kelima (1956-1990) serta mengukur pencapaian pelaksanaan dasar membasmi kemiskinan di Terengganu sepanjang tempoh Dasar Ekonomi Baru (DEB). Maklumat dan statistik daripada sumber pertama dan kedua, termasuk pelbagai laporan dan dokumen kerajaan, temu bual serta sumber-sumber lain digunakan untuk membuktikan dapatan penyelidikan ini. Penyelidikan ini mendapati bahawa pelaksanaan dasar-dasar ekonomi pertanian oleh agensi-agensi kerajaan dan dasar pembasmian kemiskinan ke atas orang Melayu di Terengganu tidak mencapai matlamat yang ditetapkan oleh kerajaan. Banyak kelemahan yang dikenal pasti termasuk kelemahan dasar, agensi pelaksana dan sikap petani, penternak serta nelayan itu sendiri yang membawa kegagalan dalam mencapai matlamat tersebut. Namun begitu, pelaksanaannya dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup dan mengurangkan kadar kemiskinan orang Melayu di Terengganu sehingga tahun 1990. The Malaysian Five-Years Plan from the First Malaya Plan until the Fifth Malaysian Plan (1956-1990) is the main catalyst in improving the standard of living and eradicating poverty among the Malays in Terengganu. This research aims to study in depth or comprehensively the policies, their implementation and also the effects of the agricultural economy on to the Malays in Terengganu during the British Colonization and the Japanese Occupation in Terengganu before 1956. Beside that, this research not only analyzes the implementation of these policies from the First Malaya Plan (1956-1990) but also measures the achievement of the implementation of the policies which aim to eradicate the proverty among the Malays in Terengganu throughout the National Economic Policy (NEP) period. Information and statistics from the primary and secondary sources of various reports and goverment documents, interviews and materials other sources are used to prove this research. This research finds that the agricultural economic policies implemented by the goverment agencies as well as the policies to eradicate poverty among Malays did not achieve their objectives. There are many weaknesses which have been indentified that lead to the failure to achieve the desired goals such as some deficiencies in the policies and the implementing agencies, beside the negative attitude among the farmers, breeders and fishermen. Nevertheless it is undeniable that there are some benefits from the implementation of those policies which managed to improve the standard of living in addition to reducing the proverty level among the Malays in Terengganu until 1990.