Perak Kutai Asli Malay house : form, function and meaning

The thesis attempts to identify and define the KA house type, attributed as the origins of the two basic styles of the traditional Perak Malay house, namely the Bumbung Lima and the "Kutai" houses; surveyed in the entire regions of Perak. No serious in depth study on a particular house style in Perak was undertaken before. 109 intact house samples were fully measured, with others in ruins identified. 78 were of the Bumbung Lima type and the remaining of the "Kutai" house types, found only at the banks of Perak River and its tributaries. 23 were of the KA type, and 8 of the attached Anjung, Beranda and Balai types. Literature search on traditional Malay architecture from earlier Malay treatises such as the Undang-Undang Sembilan Puluh Sembilan of Perak and the Taj ul Muluk was made. Searches on Colonial Records, unpublished research materials, expert views from local historians, village elders and Malay tukang were also sought to provide the historical background and traditional setting of the culture and the beliefs of the Perak Malays that would be imbedded in the design of the oldest surviving KA houses attributed to circa 1820's. The Method of Extensive Survey and Recording of house samples, followed by studio work determines the selection of house samples of both house styles and regional variations for Comprehensive Measurements. Scaled and detail drawing reproductions by Computer Aided Design application of selected house samples alongside tabulations of data measurements of the various house components were prepared for the final data analysis. The physical house form of the KA was defined by its constant house elevations, column configurations and its spatial organisations, its house structure, components and joinery methods, alongside its decorative elements. Its design aesthetics were traced from the Qur'anic verses on the basic Divine principles of creation and the dwelling principles in Islam. Interpretations of the verses empower the Perak Malay tukang to formulate the basic design principles of the KA that blends with its local Malay worldview, beliefs and customs. This "minimalist" house type efficiently utilise floor areas with economy in the building materials and components; of replaceable lightweight modular components and joinery methods, that renders the entire house transportable. Interpretations of the Divine Artistry in the natural environment aids to formulate a traditional architecture that adapts to the local climate. Its various decorative features imitate Nature, transformed into art forms that were denaturalised, stylised and abstract.